Journal: Journal of Inflammation (London, England)

Article Title: Quercetin-loaded silicon dioxide–graphene nanoparticles promotes M2 macrophage reprogramming in mycoplasma-induced pneumonia

doi: 10.1186/s12950-026-00484-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Therapeutic effects of Que@SiO₂-GNPs in a mycoplasma-induced pneumonia model. ( A ) ELISA analysis of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at 1, 3, and 7 days post-treatment in Model, SiO₂ GNPs, and Que@SiO₂-GNPs groups. ( B ) H&E staining of lung tissues at day 7 to assess pathological injury across treatment groups. ( C ) Time-course H&E staining of lung tissues at days 14, 21, and 28 in the Que@SiO₂-GNPs group to evaluate tissue recovery. ( D ) Immunofluorescence staining for M1 marker iNOS (green) and M2 marker CD206 (red), with DAPI nuclear staining (blue), to assess macrophage polarization in lung tissues. ( E ) Immunohistochemical staining of SPLUNC1 expression in airway epithelium as a marker of epithelial defense restoration. ( F ) Western blot analysis and quantification of iNOS, CD86, and CD206 protein expression in lung tissue lysates, normalized to β-actin. Data are presented as mean ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: For AMs, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, blocked, and stained with antibodies against CD86 (1:200, CST) and CD206 (1:200, Abcam) following the same procedure.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Marker, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of Inflammation (London, England)

Article Title: Quercetin-loaded silicon dioxide–graphene nanoparticles promotes M2 macrophage reprogramming in mycoplasma-induced pneumonia

doi: 10.1186/s12950-026-00484-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Que@SiO₂-GNPs on alveolar macrophage polarization in Mycoplasma-infected rats. ( A ) Cellular uptake of FITC-labeled Que@SiO₂-GNPs in alveolar macrophages (AMs) visualized by phalloidin (red), DAPI (blue), and FITC (green) fluorescence. ( B ) ELISA analysis of Arg-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated AMs treated with SiO₂ GNPs or Que@SiO₂-GNPs. ( C ) CCK-8 assay evaluating AM viability at 5, 12, 24, and 48 h after treatment. ( D – E ) Immunofluorescence staining of CD86 (M1 marker) and CD206 (M2 marker) in AMs, with DAPI counterstaining; corresponding quantitative analysis. ( F ) Flow cytometry plots showing percentages of M1 (CD86⁺) and M2 (CD206⁺) macrophages at 24 and 48 h post-treatment. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: For AMs, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, blocked, and stained with antibodies against CD86 (1:200, CST) and CD206 (1:200, Abcam) following the same procedure.

Techniques: Infection, Labeling, Fluorescence, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, CCK-8 Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Marker, Flow Cytometry